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IJESD 2023 Vol.14(5): 309-321
doi: 10.18178/ijesd.2023.14.5.1450
doi: 10.18178/ijesd.2023.14.5.1450
Evaluation of Spatial and Temporal Air Quality Variation in Southern Vietnam Using Multivariate Statistical Approaches
Nguyen Thanh Giao* and Le Thi Diem Mi
Manuscript received November 15, 2022; revised December 8, 2022; accepted December 30, 2022.
Abstract—The study aims to assess the air quality and identify polluting sources in the southern Vietnam using eight air variables of temperature, humidity, wind speed, pressure, noise, total suspended particulates (TSP), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at 30 stations in eight monitoring periods (April–December) in 2020. Correlation and principal components and cluster analyses were applied in the study. Air quality in traffic and urban areas were identified with the highest pollutant concentrations. Concentrations of air pollutants were dependent on sources of impact but not the seasons. Noise was positively correlated with vehicle density and exceeded the permissible limit of QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT. TSP was found high in urban areas. Air contaminants were positively mutual correlation, while it was negatively correlated with meteorological factors. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) could explain respectively 81.2% and 83.4% of the total variance of spatial and temporal variation of air quality. The main sources of air pollutant could be from transportation, residential areas, industrial production and solid waste treatment plants. Cluster Analysis (CA) has formed five clusters of monitoring stations with similar air quality from 30 original stations. At the same time, the initial 8 observation periods were also grouped into four clusters. Thereby, the monitoring program in this study area could be reduced to four times/year with 25 monitoring locations.
Index Terms—Air quality, southern region, pollution sources, multivariate analysis, Vietnam
Nguyen Thanh Giao and Le Thi Diem Mi are with College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Vietnam.
*Correspondence: ntgiao@ctu.edu.vn (N.T.G.)
Index Terms—Air quality, southern region, pollution sources, multivariate analysis, Vietnam
Nguyen Thanh Giao and Le Thi Diem Mi are with College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Vietnam.
*Correspondence: ntgiao@ctu.edu.vn (N.T.G.)
Cite: Nguyen Thanh Giao* and Le Thi Diem Mi, "Evaluation of Spatial and Temporal Air Quality Variation in Southern Vietnam Using Multivariate Statistical Approaches," International Journal of Environmental Science and Development vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 309-321, 2023.
Copyright © 2023 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).